Safety profile was generally manageable and predictable
The SUNLIGHT trial was an open-label, randomized, Phase 3 study that investigated the efficacy and safety of LONSURF + bevacizumab vs LONSURF alone in patients with refractory mCRC. The safety analysis found that the adverse reaction (AR) profile of the LONSURF + bevacizumab combination was consistent with the independent AR profiles of each product.1-4
Select laboratory abnormalities (≥10%) in patients3
| LONSURF + bevacizumab (n=246) | LONSURF (n=246) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematologic abnormality | All grades (%) | Grade 3-4 (%) | All grades (%) | Grade 3-4 (%) |
| Neutropenia | 80 | 52 | 68 | 39 |
| Anemia | 68 | 5 | 73 | 11 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 54 | 4.1 | 29 | 0.8 |
- 29% of patients treated with LONSURF + bevacizumab received granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF) vs 19.5% treated with LONSURF alone2,3
- Febrile neutropenia occurred in 1 patient (<1%) treated with LONSURF + bevacizumab and in 6 patients treated with LONSURF alone2
Dose modifications
- Dose delays due to adverse events occurred in 70% of patients treated with LONSURF + bevacizumab2
- Dosage interruptions due to an AR occurred in 11% of patients treated with LONSURF + bevacizumab3
- Dosage reductions due to an AR or laboratory abnormality occurred in 7% of patients treated with LONSURF + bevacizumab3
- Discontinuation due to an AR occurred in 13% of patients in both treatment arms3
Do not initiate treatment with LONSURF until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is ≥1,500 mm3. Within a cycle, withhold LONSURF if the ANC is <500 mm3. A maximum of 3 dose reductions are permitted to a minimum dose of 20 mg/m2 orally twice daily. See Section 2.2 Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions of the LONSURF PI for specific guidance on dose adjustments for ARs.3
ARs in ≥5% of patients3
| LONSURF + bevacizumab (n=246) | LONSURF (n=246) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse reaction | All grades (%) | Grade 3-4 (%) | All grades (%) | Grade 3-4 (%) |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | ||||
| Fatiguea | 45 | 5 | 37 | 8 |
| Pyrexia | 4.9 | 0 | 6 | 0.4 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | ||||
| Nausea | 37 | 1.6 | 27 | 1.6 |
| Diarrheaa | 21 | 1.2 | 19 | 2.4 |
| Abdominal paina | 20 | 2.8 | 18 | 3.7 |
| Vomitinga | 19 | 0.8 | 15 | 1.6 |
| Stomatitisa | 13 | <0.4 | 4.1 | 0 |
| Constipation | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0.8 |
| Infections and infestationsa | 31 | 8 | 24 | 8 |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | ||||
| Decreased appetite | 20 | <0.8 | 15 | 1.2 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||||
| Musculoskeletal paina | 18 | 1.2 | 11 | 2 |
| Nervous system disorder | ||||
| Headache | 8 | 0 | 3.7 | 0 |
| Vascular disorders | ||||
| Hypertensiona | 11 | 6 | 2 | 1.2 |
| Hemorrhagea | 10 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 0.8 |
| Renal and urinary disorders | ||||
| Proteinuria | 6 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0 |
aRepresents a composite of multiple related terms.
LONSURF is indicated as a single agent or in combination with bevacizumab for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with fluoropyrimidine‑, oxaliplatin‑ and irinotecan‑based chemotherapy, an anti‑VEGF biological therapy, and if RAS wild‑type, an anti‑EGFR therapy.
LONSURF is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma previously treated with at least two prior lines of chemotherapy that included a fluoropyrimidine, a platinum, either a taxane or irinotecan, and if appropriate,
LONSURF is indicated as a single agent or in combination with bevacizumab for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with fluoropyrimidine‑, oxaliplatin‑ and irinotecan‑based chemotherapy, an anti‑VEGF biological therapy, and if RAS wild‑type, an anti‑EGFR therapy.
LONSURF is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma previously treated with at least two prior lines of chemotherapy that included a fluoropyrimidine, a platinum, either a taxane or irinotecan, and if appropriate,
Severe Myelosuppression: In the 1114 patients who received LONSURF as a single agent, LONSURF caused severe or life‑threatening myelosuppression (Grade 3‑4) consisting of neutropenia (38%), anemia (17%), thrombocytopenia (4%) and febrile neutropenia (3%). Three patients (0.3%) died due to neutropenic infection/sepsis; four other patients (0.5%) died due to septic shock. A total of 14% of patients received granulocyte‑colony stimulating factors. In the 246 patients who received LONSURF in combination with bevacizumab, LONSURF caused severe or life-threatening myelosuppression (Grade 3‑4) consisting of neutropenia (52%), anemia (5%), thrombocytopenia (4%) and febrile neutropenia (0.4%). One patient (0.4%) died due to abdominal sepsis and two other patients (0.8%) died due to septic shock. A total of 29% of patients received granulocyte-colony stimulating factors. Obtain complete blood counts prior to and on Day 15 of each cycle of LONSURF and more frequently as clinically indicated. Withhold LONSURF for severe myelosuppression and resume at the next lower dosage.
Embryo‑Fetal Toxicity: LONSURF can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the final dose.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONSLactation: It is not known whether LONSURF or its metabolites are present in human milk. There are no data to assess the effects of LONSURF or its metabolites on the breastfed child or the effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with LONSURF and for 1 day following the final dose.
Male Contraception: Because of the potential for genotoxicity, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use condoms during treatment with LONSURF and for at least 3 months after the final dose.
Geriatric Use: Patients 65 years of age or older who received LONSURF as a single agent had a higher incidence of the following hematologic laboratory abnormalities compared to patients younger than 65 years: Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (46% vs 32%), Grade 3 anemia (20% vs 14%), and Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia (6% vs 3%). Patients 65 years of age or older who received LONSURF in combination with bevacizumab had a higher incidence of the following hematologic laboratory abnormalities compared to patients younger than 65 years: Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (60% vs 46%) and Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia (5% vs 4%).
Renal Impairment: No adjustment to the starting dosage of LONSURF is recommended in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment (CLcr of 30 to 89 mL/min). Reduce the starting dose of LONSURF for patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr of 15 to 29 mL/min) to a recommended dosage of 20 mg/m2.
Hepatic Impairment: Do not initiate LONSURF in patients with baseline moderate or severe (total bilirubin > 1.5 times ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment. Patients with severe hepatic impairment (total bilirubin > 3 times ULN and any AST) were not studied. No adjustment to the starting dosage of LONSURF is recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment.
ADVERSE REACTIONSSerious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions (≥2%) were intestinal obstruction (2.8%), and COVID-19 (2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 1.2% of patients who received LONSURF in combination with bevacizumab, including rectal fistula (0.4%), bowel perforation (0.4%) and atrial fibrillation (0.4%).
The most common adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities (≥10% in incidence) in patients treated with single‑agent LONSURF at a rate that exceeds the rate in patients receiving placebo in mCRC: anemia (77% vs 33%), neutropenia (67% vs 0.8%), asthenia/fatigue (52% vs 35%), nausea (48% vs 24%), thrombocytopenia (42% vs 8%), decreased appetite (39% vs 29%), diarrhea (32% vs 12%), vomiting (28% vs 14%), abdominal pain (21% vs 19%), and pyrexia (19% vs 14%). In metastatic gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ): neutropenia (66% vs 4%), anemia (63% vs 38%), nausea (37% vs 32%), thrombocytopenia (34% vs 9%), decreased appetite (34% vs 31%), vomiting (25% vs 20%), infections (23% vs 16%) and diarrhea (23% vs 14%).
Pulmonary emboli occurred more frequently in LONSURF‑treated patients compared to placebo: in mCRC (2% vs 0%) and in metastatic gastric cancer and GEJ (3% vs 2%).
Interstitial lung disease (0.2%), including fatalities, has been reported in clinical studies and clinical practice settings in Asia.
The most common adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities (≥20% in incidence) in patients treated with LONSURF in combination with bevacizumab vs LONSURF alone were neutropenia (80% vs 68%), anemia (68% vs 73%), thrombocytopenia (54% vs 29%), fatigue (45% vs 37%), nausea (37% vs 27%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (34% vs 28%), increased alanine aminotransferase (33% vs 23%), increased alkaline phosphate (31% vs 36%), decreased sodium (25% vs 20%), diarrhea (21% vs 19%), abdominal pain (20% vs 18%), and decreased appetite (20% vs 15%).
References: 1. Fakih M, Prager GW, Tabernero J, Amellal N, Calleja E, Taieb J. Clinically meaningful outcomes in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a decade of defining and raising the bar. ESMO Open. 2024;9(11):103931. 2. Prager GW, Taieb J, Fakih M, et al. Trifluridine‑tipiracil and bevacizumab in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(18):1657-1667. 3. LONSURF [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Taiho Oncology, Inc.; 2023. 4. AVASTIN [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc.; 2022.